基于精确权函数的仪器响应失真校正方法与算例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张晓志  王伟  于祥涛  张石磊 《地震工程与工程振动》2008,28(5)

当前,经仪器响应失真校正后,加速度计有效观测频带通常为0至1倍自振频率,这限制了强震仪应用领域的延拓。有鉴于此,本文提出一个基于精确权函数的仪器响应失真校正方法并给出一个验证算例。分析表明:较之现有方法,新方法兼有高精度和高效率的优点,并可以将力平衡式加速度计的有效观测频带至少延拓3倍,对于拓展强震仪的应用领域具有重要意义。  相似文献   

未来我国南方低温雨雪冰冻灾害变化的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋瑞艳  高学杰石英张冬峰  张喜娃 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(06):352-356

使用高分辨率区域气候模式（RegCM3）,单向嵌套一个全球模式,对未来我国南方冰雪灾害在IPCC SRES A2情景下的变化进行了数值模拟。结果表明：未来南方地区低温日数整体将减少,但在广东和广西北部部分地区连续低温日数有增加现象;降雪日数和连续降雪日数会减少,但在江西等地降雪量将有所增加,同时强降雪事件在江西等地将增多,引起地面最大积雪深度和最大持续积雪日数的增加;湖南和贵州东部地区冻雨日数会减少,而在青藏高原东麓等地冻雨日数会增加。  相似文献   

Seismic design and response evaluation of unbonded post‐tensioned hybrid coupled wall structures     

Yahya C. Kurama  Qiang Shen 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(14):1677-1702

This paper presents an analytical investigation on the seismic design and response of coupled wall structures that use unbonded post‐tensioned steel coupling beams. Both monolithic cast‐in‐place reinforced concrete wall piers and precast concrete wall piers are considered. Steel top and seat angles are used at the coupling beam ends for energy dissipation. The seismic design of prototype structures to achieve target displacement‐based performance objectives is evaluated based on nonlinear static and dynamic time history analyses. Additional recommendations are provided on shear design. Comparisons with ‘conventional’ structures that use embedded steel coupling beams as well as isolated walls with no coupling are provided. The results indicate that while the peak lateral displacements of unbonded post‐tensioned coupled wall structures are larger than the peak displacements of structures with embedded beams, the residual displacements are significantly reduced as a result of the restoring effect of the post‐tensioning steel. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Wheat straw burning and its associated impacts on Beijing air quality   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

Li LingJun  Wang Ying  Zhang Qiang  Li JinXiang  Yang XiaoGuang  Jin Jun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(3):403-414

Based on MODIS images, large-scale flow field charts and environmental monitoring data, we thor- oughly analyzed the spatial distribution of wheat straw burning in North China, with focus on its envi- ronmental impacts on the air quality of Beijing and pollution transport paths. And we anatomized changes of air quality in Beijing under the impacts of pollution generated by wheat straw burning around. The results indicate that: (1) The North China Plain, a winter-wheat growing area, is the main source of pollutants induced by wheat straw burning in Beijing. The direction of south-west is the dominant heavy pollution transport path. (2) Impacts of wheat straw burning on air quality are mainly manifested by significantly increasing CO concentration. (3) Precursors of O3 generated by wheat straw burning, combining with favorable meteorological conditions, can induce increasing O3 concentration greatly. NO concentration will be greatly increased due to decreasing O3 concentration at night. (4) Atmospheric particles, especially the fine ones, from wheat straw burning exert considerable influ- ence on Beijing air quality. (5) Different contributions of wheat straw burning to pollutants are identified. Ratios of PM10/SO2, CO/SO2, etc., can be applied to indicate pollution extent of wheat straw burning. High ratios of PM10/SO2 and CO/SO2 show that the air quality was heavily impacted by wheat straw burning and these ratios can be employed as indicators of contribution of wheat straw burning to the degradation of Beijing air quality. (6) Randomness of wheat straw burning activities renders random outbreak of air pollution of this type. Regional and extensive wheat straw burning activities can cause serious air pollution event.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of strong ground motion for the <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>s</Subscript>8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Wei Zhang  Yang Shen  XiaoFei Chen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(12):1673-1682

The Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 is the most destructive earthquake in China in the past 30 years in terms of property damage and human losses. In order to understand the earthquake process and the geo-morphological factors affecting the seismic hazard, we simulated the strong ground motion caused by the earthquake, incorporating three-dimensional (3D) earth structure, finite-fault rupture, and realistic surface topography. The simulated ground motions reveal that the fault rupture and basin structure control the overall pattern of the peak ground shaking. Large peak ground velocity (PGV) is distributed in two narrow areas: one with the largest PGV values is above the hanging wall of the fault and attributed to the locations of fault asperities and rupture directivity; the other is along the northwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin and caused by both the directivity of fault rupture and the amplification in the thick sediment basin. Rough topography above the rupture fault causes wave scattering, resulting in significantly larger peak ground motion on the apex of topographic relief than in the valley. Topography and scattering also reduce the wave energy in the forward direction of fault rupture but increase the PGV in other parts of the basin. These results suggest the need for a localized hazard assessment in places of rough topography that takes the topographic effects into account. Finally, had the earthquake started at the northeast end of the fault zone and ruptured to the southwest, Chengdu would have suffered a much stronger shaking than it experienced on 12 May, 2008. Supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. EAR 0738779 and OCE 0727919), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB418404), and partially by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40521002)  相似文献   

The effect of extreme rainfall on summer succession and vertical distribution of phytoplankton in a lacustrine part of a eutrophic reservoir     

Petr Znachor  Eliška Zapomělová  Klára Řeháková  Jiří Nedoma  Karel Šimek 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2008,70(1):77-86

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Variations in Frequency and Intensity of Strong Tropical Cyclones Affecting China During     

Wang Xiaoling  Ren Fumin 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(00):22-26

 Based on tropical cyclone track dataset in the western North Pacific from China Meteorological Administration (CMA), variations in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific, affecting-China TCs (ACTCs) and landfall TCs (LTCs) achieving a typhoon intensity during 1957-2004 were studied. Frequencies of strong tropical cyclones showed significant decreasing trends from 1957 to 2004 and the linear trend was much greater when the intensity was stronger. There was no linear trend in the portion of strong tropical cyclones achieving a typhoon (TY) intensity, while those reaching a strong typhoon (STY) and a super typhoon (SuperTY) intensity showed decreasing trends during 1957-2004. The maximum intensities of TCs, ACTCs and LTCs all decreased during the period of 1957-2004. The mean intensities of TCs and ACTCs displayed decreasing trends and the mean intensity of LTCs achieving a TY intensity also showed a decreasing trend.  相似文献   

Projection of Future Precipitation Extremes Change (2001-2050) in the Yangtze River Basin     

Zhang Zengxin  Zhang Qiang  Zhang Jinchi  Jiang Tong  Klaus Fraedrich 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(00):32-36

 Daily maximum rainfall (R1D) was higher in the Jialing River basin, the Taihu Lake area and the mid-lower main stream section of the Yangtze River basin in the 1990s, and there was a good relationship between ECHAM5/MPI-OM model simulation and the observed data about extreme precipitation (R1D). Under the IPCC SRES A2, A1B, and B1 scenarios, R1Ds are all projected to be in increasing trends in the upper Yangtze River basin during 2001-2050, and R1D shows a more significant increasing tendency under the A2 scenario when compared with the A1B scenario before 2020. With respect to the middle and lower Yangtze River basin, an increasing tendency is projected before 2025, and since then the increasing tendency will become insignificant. There might be more floods to the south of the Yangtze River and more droughts to the north in the next decades.  相似文献   

1998~2003年伽师三次不同类型M_s6级地震震源破裂过程及短期内余震活动特征          下载免费PDF全文

赵翠萍  陈章立  郑斯华 《地球物理学报》2008,51(4):1093-1102

利用大量远场观测地震图反演了新疆伽师地区三次不同机制类型M_s6级地震的破裂过程.结果表明,1998年8月2日M_s6.1级地震破裂尺度小,破裂过程简单,最大滑动量为12 cm,主破裂过程持续时间为8 s.1998年8月27日M_s6.5地震破裂过程的空间分布反映出双侧破裂特征,主破裂过程在前13 s基本完成,最大滑动量为63 cm,破裂面上起始破裂点两侧的滑动矢量方向不同.2003年2月24日M_s6.8地震的破裂过程最为复杂,震源时间函数由两次上升时间组成,破裂一共持续了32 s,最大滑动量为32 cm.研究表明,余震主要发生在主震破裂图像中大滑动量区域的外围或滑动量变化梯度较大的区域,主震后短期内发生的余震震源机制解也与破裂面上断层的错动方向一致,表明余震的位置和机制与主震破裂所引起的应力重新分布有关.  相似文献   

川滇地区强余震的震级分布和距离分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

吕晓健  高孟潭  高战武  米素婷 《地震学报》2008,30(4):397-404

研究了川滇地区1966年以来12次主震震级MSge;6.5的地震序列中,主震与强余震（本文定义为所有MSge;5的余震）震级差分布特征和强余震与主震距离的分布特征. 结果表明,强余震与主震震级差服从截断的指数分布,据此推导出了强余震与主震震级差的概率密度函数; 强余震距离分布的优势范围是距主震10——39 km,且强余震与主震震中的距离服从正态分布.   相似文献